"Autuer Theory: the idea that within the collective endeavours of filmmaking,
there is creative signature that emerges, which is, most often, that of the
director’s...Truffaut
argued that the director, not the writer, is the vital force that shapes a
film. The director integrates the various film techniques, creates the film’s
style, and structures the film’s themes, which are often delivered in visual,
not verbal, codes.” (2006, Costanzo Cahir)
Tim
Burton is one of the most famous directors of our time in regards to his auteurship.
His distinct eccentric style contrasts with his common use of dark, gothic
settings, costumes and plots. Taking a look through his 28 films that he has directed
over his 32-year career it is clear to see that there are consistent themes and
visual elements that define his work.
For
instance, his continuous use of the same crew and actors’ such as Johnny Depp,
who has appeared in 7 of his films, and his partner Helena Bonham-Carter, who
has also appeared in 7. Also, the composer Danny Elfman has composed music for
all but 5 of his films.
Another
consistent element which is ongoing throughout Burton’s work is the use of the “outsider”
being put into an everyday scenario, often one of suburbia, and is used as a
message or symbol for people to embrace their individuality. The storylines and
setting are often conveyed with dark, gothic humour and there tends to be a
childish theme consistent throughout his films, but many are not suitable for
children.
One
of Burton’s most notable films, Edward Scissorhands (1990), tells the tale of
Edward – an outsider with scissors for hands– who is taken in by kind woman and
happens to fall in love with her beautiful teenage daughter. The film has been
described as a “modern fairytale”, whilst it does has some resemblance to a
fairytale many elements of the film are now obvious signs of a Tim Burton film;
such as the pale, horror inspired make-up used on Johnny Depp.
In
Burton’s adaption of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Johnny Depp is
noticeably much creepier than Gene Wilder in the 1971 version, Willy Wonka and
the Chocolate Factory. With his pale complexion and dark hair, Depp ticks all
the boxes needed for being a Tim Burton protagonist. His portrayal of Willy
Wonka is disturbed and again gives off the impression of an outsider.
The
question that must be asked is whether or not these elements of Tim Burton’s
auteurship are still brilliant pieces of a mastermind director, or if they are
becoming worn out and tedious? Regardless of your opinion, there is no denying
that Burton’s films have brought joy to many and he has made a name for himself
by continuously reusing his signature styles again and again to audiences who
are showing no signs of getting bored with Burton’s wacky characteristics.
References
CONSTANZO CAHIR, L., 2006. Literature Into Film: Theory and Practical Approaches. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
NELMES, J., ed. 2003. An Introduction to Film Studies. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
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